Describe the function of the camshaft.

The function of the camshaft is to control the opening and closing of the engine’s valves, which is crucial for the engine's operation. The camshaft is connected to the crankshaft and rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft in a four-stroke engine. As the camshaft rotates, its lobes push against the valve lifters, which then open the intake and exhaust valves at the appropriate times during the engine cycle. This timing ensures that air-fuel mixture enters the combustion chamber at the right moment and that exhaust gases are expelled after combustion, allowing for efficient performance and power generation.

Understanding the camshaft's role in valve operation is essential for diagnosing engine issues related to timing, valve clearance, and overall engine performance.