What causes wet liner cavitation?

Wet liner cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs in engines with wet cylinder liners, where the collapse of vapor bubbles leads to erosion of the liner surface. This process primarily results from pressure fluctuations within the cooling system. When coolant is heated during engine operation, it can generate vapor bubbles. If the pressure suddenly drops (due to turbulence or other causes), these bubbles can collapse violently, creating a shock wave that can erode the metal surface of the liner.

Understanding the mechanics of cavitation helps in preventing engine damage. Avoiding situations that lead to excessive turbulence in the cooling system and maintaining proper coolant levels can help mitigate the risk of wet liner cavitation.

The other options refer to different causes or factors that can affect engine cooling or operation but do not specifically lead to the cavitation process.